Carbureted air engine



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. A. DURAND.

GARBURBTED AIR ENGINE. No. 497,048. Patented May 9, 1893.

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(No Mddel.) B. A. DURAND.

GARBURBTED AIR ENGII TE. I No. 497,048. Patented, May 9', 18931.

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UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

EUGENE ALFRED DURAND, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

CARBURETED-AIR ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 497,048, dated May 9,1893.

Application filed July 16, 1888. serial No. 280,151. (No model.)Patented in France November 27, 1886, No. 180,435; in Belgium April 23,1888, No. 81,525 in England April 24, 1888,1Io. 6,088 in Italy May5,1888, No.23,414; in Spain May 14, 1888, No. 8,262, in Russia May25,1888, ITO-14,202, and in Austria-Hungary September 24, 1888, No.18,502 and N0.34,376.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EUGENE ALFRED DU RAND, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, and a resident of the city of Paris, in the Republic of France,have invented certain new and use- 't'ul Improvements in Carbureted-AirEngines,

(for which I have received Letters Patent in France, No. 180,534, datedNovember 27, 1886; in Belgium, No. 8l,525,dated April 23, 1888; inEngland, No. 6,088, dated April 24, 1888; in Austria-Hungary, No. 18,502and No. 34,376, dated Septeu1ber24, 1888; in Italy, No. 23,414, datedMay 5, 1888; in Spain, No. 8,252, dated May 14, 1888, and in Russia, No.14,202, dated May 25, 1888;) and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

The invention has for its object an improved motor working by means of adetonating mixture composed of carbureted air and pure air, which Iignite by means of an electrical ap paratus working without a batteryand in which the feed of oarbureted air is efiected with greatregularity by means of an automatic carburetor with a float which may ormay not be warmed by a branch from the exhaust, and the tightness of thecylinder of the carburetoris assured by an escape-valve which is easy tobe cleaned. This is a compressed air and gas motor, the action of whichmay be considered as divided into four periods as follows. Theaspiration of the carbureted air and the atmospheric air, formingtogether a detonating mixture, is performed by the pis elevation; Fig. 3a plan view and Fig. 4 a longitudinal vertical sectional view on line A.B. of Fig.3, of a motor engine embodying my invention. Fig. 5 representsa longitudinal sectional View on line E F of Figs. 1, 8, and 4, of themovable bobbin turning in the bunch of magnetized plates whichconstitute with it the electric generator of the igniting apparatus.Fig. 6 represents a vertical transverse sectional view on line C D ofFig. 3. Fig. 7 represents a longitudinal sectional view on line G H ofFigs. 2, 3 and 6, of the pipe or neck u serving to admit the carburetedair into the cylinder.

The same letters and numerals of ret'erence indicate the same parts inthe several figures.

The carburetor which serves to feed my motor is composed of a receiver awhich receives the carbureted hydrogen that is to be used. Thisreceptacle is furnished with a cover I) fixed thereon with an air tightjoint. This cover carries a smooth sleeve 0 bored to exactly fit thetube 61 allowing the tube at to slide through it easily but air-tight.0n the cover is also mounted an annular neck or hollow crown c servingfor the passage of the carbureted air, the circular groove of which ring6 communicates with holes pierced in the cover. This crown c isconnected in another direction by means of the tube 15 with the neck uin which a valve 1) works (Figs. 6 and 7), the opening of which at theproper moment permits of the aspiration into the carburetor and theconsequent admission of carbureted air into the cylinder, for this necku is mounted on the neck 0: (Figs. 2, 3, and 6), with which itcommunicates and which itself communicates with the cylinder.

Through the sleeve of the cover witha sliding fit slides the tube athaving an enlarged portion at the lower end on which is fixed, by meansof screws, a ring of cork f carrying a disk of perforated sheet metal asiron, tin, zinc, or other suitable metal on which is fixed a piece ofcork g. Between this last and the interior portion of the enlargement ofthe tube is a bed of iron turnings or chips for the purpose of dividingthe air which passes through it (Fig. 4). This combination forms afloating apparatus which is kept in equilibrium by means of a ringhacting asacounterweight and suspended by chains passing over smallpulleys and attached at their other ends to the ring of cork. Thisapparatus floats on the hydro-carbon sinking into it only a certaindistance which always remains the same whatever may be the leveloftheliquid.

A coiled pipe y may be placed inside the recipient a at the bottom andfastened at each extremity to the side of the recipient with an airtight joint. At one end this pipe is connected to and forms acontinuation of another tube as supplied with a cock which communicateswith the exhaust pipe. By opening this cock, a part of the exhaustpasses through the tubes w and y and communicates its heat to the massof hydro-carbon contained in the recipient. The tube y at its otherextremity communicates with the outer air through the tube Z. Thisdeviation of the exhaust has for its object not only to prevent thelowering of the temperature of the hydro-carbon as the air becomingcarbureted takes up the highest parts, but also to increase thetemperature of the liquid mass in cold weather so as to facilitate theseparation of the vapors or of the lighter and more volatile parts ofthe hydro-carbon. The apparatus may also be supplied with a gage to showthe level of the liquid.

This carburetor works in the following I manner:The piston P of themotor which acts as an air pump sucks in the passing air through theneck as. This air enters the carburetor through the upper part of thetube d which is open, passes through this tube and through the bed ofiron chips or turnings, where it is divided, then through the portion ofhydro-carbon included between the bottom of the'bed of iron chips andthe surface of the liquid mass, inwhich it becomes carbureted, and so onto the neck 6 through the corresponding holes of the cover I). Thence itgoes into the cylinder R of the motor,-passing through the tube 25 andthe neck a, and, as it passes over the valve g which is in the neck atmixes with a certain quantity of circulating air which at that moment issucked in from outside through this neck by the piston. The valve y ofthe neck a; which communicates with the outer air is in fact open at thesame time as the valve 1), so that the piston P sucks in at the sametime both carbureted air and pure air, which go into the cylindertogether there combining and forming a detonating mixture. Theelectrical apparatus which serves to ignite this mixture comprises asmall magneto-electric machine and an arrangement for breaking theelectric circuit for the production of the spark for igniting themixture.

The generator consists of a bunch or body of magnetized steel platestfastened together and held tightly between two checks or face plates,which serve as a frame or support to hold and carry the several parts,and of a bobbin j composed of a number of plates of soft sheet iron uponwhich is wound a wire of a certain diameter. This bobbin, which alwaysturns in the same direction between the poles of the magnetized bunch orbody of plates 11, carries two journal spindles. One a (Fig. 5) is solidand on it is fixed the pulley I) connected by a strap to the shaft ofthe motor which works it. The other journal spindle c is hollow and thehollow contains a body of some insulating material pierced lengthwisewith two holes, into one of which passes the inside wire of the bobbinand into the other the outside wire,these two wires being thuscompletely insulated. On the outside of this same insulating material isfixed a commutator d composed of two halfferrules of brass separatedfrom one another the space of a few millimeters. One of thesehalf-ferrules is connected to the end of the outer wire of the bobbinand the other to the end of the inner wire. I

Above and below the commutator are placed small brushes h h of brasswire, always bearing lightly on the commutator.

If the flywheel of the motor is turned the bobbin begins to move; eachof its poles is magnetized alternately in a contrary direction bypassing before the poles of the fixed magnet, and there is produced inthe wire an induced current the direction of which changes at each halfrevolution. The commutator, which I have described, directs this currentalways in the same direction. On the two cheeks or face plates at thesides of the magnetized bunch, two sockets are fixed acting as plumberblocks for the journal-spindles of the bobbin. On one of these cheekstwo small columns are also mounted terminated bya cap of insulatingmaterial. One 77/ carries the brushes h which can oscillate freely. Theother serves to connect the brushes with the conducting wires Z" Z".

The breaking of the current and consequent production of the spark isobtained by an arrangement formed of two parts, one marked Z, the othermarked m, to each of which is fixed the end of one of the two conductingwires.

The vertical part Z is composed of a support fixed firmly on thecylinder and fitted to it with a close joint, but insulated from it bymeans of the insertion of sheets of asbestus and'of insulating washersaround the bolts. This support carries an igniting finger A, which asmall spindle, worked by a spring, tends always to draw downward. Aguide for the upper end of this spindle is mounted on this support andserves at the same time as a stop to receive the thrust of the spring. Asmall stufiing-box prevents any escape around the spindle. The height ofthe finger A can be regulated at will, so as to compensate for itswearing away.

The part m is composed of a support h (Fig. 6) fixed firmly on thecylinder with a tight joint, but insulated from it by the insertion ofsheets of asbestus and of insulating washers around the bolts. In thissupport a spindle turns carrying at one end a small toothed wheel Bplaced beneath the finger A which presses pretty heavily upon it. Theother end of the spindle carries a ratchet and pawl 10, 11, Fig.loperated by an insulated connecting rod m (Fig. 1) by which the spindleat the proper moment is made to turn a certain distance. A stuffing-boxn Fig. 6 prevents any escape round this spindle.

When the flywheel turns and the spindle of the horizontal part is atrest, that is to say during the return of the pawl, the finger restingon the small toothed wheel B gives to the current a circuit completelyclosed. But if the movement is continued the pawl again engages theratchet and causes the spindle of the horizontal part to move andconsequently turn the wheel B a few teeth, the finger A passingbrusquely and with friction from one tooth to the next and so on to asmany teeth as pass, which determines as many breaks in the current andas many sparks.

The whole cylinder R, excepting the ends, is surrounded with water theobject of which is to prevent it from becoming too hot.

The cylinder head ninside which is the exhaust port, is the part of themotor where the heat reaches the highest pitch. That part of the exhaustpipe nearest the cylinder is formed inside the head at and is surroundedby a cavity in said head represented in section in Fig. 4. 1 cause theouter air sucked into the cylinder by the piston to enter through thiscavity, through the connection Y, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 m which it is heatedby contact with the walls thereof and therein absorbs a. part of theheat given ofi by the burned gases in their escape through the exhaustpipe. With the air thus heated a smaller quantity of gas or carburetedair is required to produce a given efiect than. if the air were admittedat a lower temperature.

To facilitate the cleaning of the exhaust valve, the rod of this valvetraverses the exhaust pipe and is fitted at its end with a small collar0 in which it can turn. This collar is stopped by a ring or button 1)fixed on the rod,

and carries two small lugs which fit into the bifurcated ends of aforked lever a which serves to give motion to the exhaust valve andwhich is'in its turn worked by a cam 'r anda connecting rod .9. A springplaced on this connltctingrod or elsewhere tends always to keep thevalve in its seat. The milled button p at the end of the rod of theexhaust valve rod allows, without anything or parts being taken down orremoved, of the valve being turned in its seat and thus ground orcleaned.

What I claim is 1. In combination in a gas engine, the cylinder thepiston, the gas supply and controlling valves therefor, the exhaustvalve and the operating means therefor including a forked lever, aconnecting rod and a cam, the stem of said valve having a looseconnection with its lever whereby it may be turned and the button forturning the stem and grinding the valve upon its seat, substantially asdescribed.

2. In combination the piston and cylinder, the gas supply connections,the finger A, the spring stem therefor projecting radially from thecylinder, the shaft journaled on the cylinder and extending under thefinger A, the ratchetwheel on the end of the said shaft, the pawl andthe ratchet for turning the shaft, the means for operating the same, andthe electrical connections to the finger A and to the ratchet below thesame, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

EUGENE ALFRED DURAND.

Witnesses:

J ULES FAYOLLET, AUG. VINCK.

